First Generation (1942-1955):
The beginning of the commercial computer age is from UNIVAC. It was developed by the Census Department of United States and developed by two scientists Mauchly and Eckert in1947. First generation computers were based on vacuum tube, which was a glass that controlled and amplified signals.
Advantages:
vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available during those days.vacuum tube technology made possible to make electronic digital computer.these computers could calculate data in millisecond.
Disadvantages:
These computers were very large in size.Consumed very large amount of energy.They got heated very soon due to many vacuum tubes.They were not reliable.Air conditioning was required.Constant maintenance was required.They was not portable.Commercial production was very costly.Commercial use was limited.They were very slow in speed.They used only machine language.They were not versatile.
Second Generation (1955-1964):
In the second generation computers transistors were used instead of vacuum tubes. Transistor is a small device that transfers electronic signals across a resistor.
Advantages:
Smaller in size as compared to first generation computer.They were more reliable.They were more energy-efficient.They were not heated because of less energy.Commercial use of wider.Portability was possible.their speed was much better.They could calculate data in microsecond.They used assembly language instead of assembly language.
Disadvantages:
Air conditoning was required.Constant maintenance required.Commercial production was difficult.They were used only for specific purposes.They were very costly.They were not versatile.
Third Generation (1964-1975):
In 1958 integrated circuit ( IC ) were developed. An IC combined three electronic components onto a small silicon disc. Scientists later manged to fit ever smaller as a result. Operating system was also produced at that time.
Advantages:
They were smaller in size was compared to previous generations.They were more reliable.They used less energy.They were very speedy.They could calculate data in neno-second.Maintenance was low.They were used for general purposes.Could be used for high level languages.They had storage.Better accuracy. They used, mouse, keyboard for input.
Disadvantages:
Air conditioning was requied.HIgh sophisticated technology required for manufacturing of IC.
Fourtth Generation (1975-present):
In this generation microprocessors were used. Micro processor is a small chip containing thousands of ICs on it. It greatly reduced the size of the computer
Advantages:
They were very small in size.They use less power.They generate less heat.It has a large fan for heat discharging.No air conditioning is required.They have best speed to read data.They are reliable and powerful.They are used for commercial production.Less need of repairing.They are among all generations.
Disadvantages:
High sophusticated technology required for manufacturing microprocessor.
Fifth Generation:
Scientists are working now 5th generation computer using recent. Computer can understand spoken words instruction. The ability to translate a foreign language is also moderately possible with fifth generation computers. Artificial intelligence is though to be used in this kind of computers. Japan is working in this direction by choosing Protocol language as its operating system.
Tuesday, March 17, 2009
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
What is data processing life cycle?
Data Processing
Data processing is an important function that converts our data into meaningful information. In this process, difference calculations are performed. In recent time, most of data processing is done using computers. Data processing life cycle is collection of steps required to convert into information. Basically there are three main steps.
Collection
In this step data is collected from different sources.
Classification
In this step, the collected data classified into different categories.
Input
In this step, the collected data is given to the computer as in input for processing.
Verification
The data given to computer is verified to make sure that data is correct and valid for processing.
Coding
The data is stored in computer in binary form. In this step data is converted into binary form so that it may be stored into computer.
Storing
It is easy to process sorted data. In this step the data is sorted in different sequence so that processing become easy.
Processing
In this step the processing on data is applied. Different calculation and formulas are applied on stored data to get the desired result.
Summarizing
Some time in spite of having all the stord data asummarized form is obtained. In this step data is processed in summarized form. For example a bank manager may ask for summary of the transactions done in the whole day.
Output
The basic purpose of data processing is to generate desired information from the raw data. In this step the data is displayed on the required medium e.g. monitor pr printer.
Retrieval
If data is stored on storage devices like hard disk, in this step data is retrieval from the storage devices.
Conversion
The information in this step is conversion into different forms like charts, graphs etc.
Communication
Some time information is required an different places,, In this step the information is sent to different places.
Feedback
In this step, the comments are taken from the users about the data processing system and its output. This process is very important to improve the data processing system.
Data processing is an important function that converts our data into meaningful information. In this process, difference calculations are performed. In recent time, most of data processing is done using computers. Data processing life cycle is collection of steps required to convert into information. Basically there are three main steps.
- Input
- Processing
- Output
Collection
In this step data is collected from different sources.
Classification
In this step, the collected data classified into different categories.
Input
In this step, the collected data is given to the computer as in input for processing.
Verification
The data given to computer is verified to make sure that data is correct and valid for processing.
Coding
The data is stored in computer in binary form. In this step data is converted into binary form so that it may be stored into computer.
Storing
It is easy to process sorted data. In this step the data is sorted in different sequence so that processing become easy.
Processing
In this step the processing on data is applied. Different calculation and formulas are applied on stored data to get the desired result.
Summarizing
Some time in spite of having all the stord data asummarized form is obtained. In this step data is processed in summarized form. For example a bank manager may ask for summary of the transactions done in the whole day.
Output
The basic purpose of data processing is to generate desired information from the raw data. In this step the data is displayed on the required medium e.g. monitor pr printer.
Retrieval
If data is stored on storage devices like hard disk, in this step data is retrieval from the storage devices.
Conversion
The information in this step is conversion into different forms like charts, graphs etc.
Communication
Some time information is required an different places,, In this step the information is sent to different places.
Feedback
In this step, the comments are taken from the users about the data processing system and its output. This process is very important to improve the data processing system.
Monday, October 27, 2008
Discuss the History of Computer?
History of Computer
The Abacus
The Abacus is considered the very first computer in history. It emerged about 5000 years ago in asia and still is used in countries like China and japan. It is first way of making calculation and is made of wooden box consisting small beads sliding on racks. Abacus was very popular through out the history of computer. But as the use of pencil and paper spread in Europe it lost its importance.
John Napier Bones
Another manual machine was John Napier Bones. It was cardboard multiplication calculation. It was designed in early 17th century.
Numerical Wheel Calculation:
Blaise Pascal
Numerical wheel calculation was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. It could only add and subtraction numbers. Division and multiplication was done by repeated addition and subtraction. this calculation was called pascaline.
Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz
In 1694, a German scientist Leibniz developed a calculating machine; in fact it was improvement on pascaline. He made a machine which could multiply beside addition and subtraction.
Charles Xavier Thomas Colman
Charles Xavier Thomas De Colman a French man improved this machine in such way that it could perform four basic arithmetic operation e.g. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Charles Babbage
Difference Engine:
While Tomas of Colmar was developing the first successful commercial calculator, Charles Babbage realized as early as 1812 that many long computations consisted design a calculating machine which could do these operations automatically. he produced a prototype of this "difference engine" by 18222 and with the help of the British government started work on the full machine in 1823. It was intended to be steam-powered; fully automatic, even to the printing of the resulting tables; and commanded by a fixed instruction program.
Analytical Engine
In 1833, Babbage ceased working on the difference engine because he had a better idea. His new idea was to build an " analytical engine". The analytical engine was a real parallel decimal computer which would operate on words of 50 decimals and was able to store 1000 such numbers. The machine would include a number of built-in operations such as conditional control, which allowed the instructions for the machine were to be stored on punched cards, similar to those used on a Jacquard Loom.
Herman Hollerith
A step toward automated computation was the instruction of punched cards, which were first successfully used in connection with computing in 1890 by Herman Hollerith working for the U.S. Census Bureau. He developed a device which could automatically read census information which had been punched onto card. Surprisingly, he did not get the idea form the work of Babbage, but rather form watching a train conductor punch tickets. As a result of his invention, reading errors were consequently greatly reduced, work flow was increased, and more important, stacks of punched cards could be used as an accessible memory store of almost unlimited capacity; Furthermore, different problems could be stored on different batches of cards and worked on as needed. Hollerith's tabulator became so successful that he started his own firm to market the device; this company eventually became International Business Machines (IBM).
First Electronic Computer
Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry built the world's first electronic-digital computer at Iowa State University between 1939 and 1942. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer represented several innovations in computing, including a binary system of arithmetic, parallel processing, regenerative memory, a separation of memory and computing functions.
Mark I
By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques had become so well established and reliable that Howard Aiken, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook construction of a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM electromechanical parts. Aiken's machine, called the Harverd Mark|, handled 23-decimal-place numbers (words) and could perform all four arithmetic operations; moreover, it had special built in programs, or subroutines, to handle logarithms and trigonometric functions. The Harvard mark I was the first of a series of computers designed and built under Aiken's direction.
ENIAC
ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrated and Calculator was an all-electronic computer. It was developed from military.John W. Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania invented ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer) that used a word of 10 decimal digital instead of binary ones like previous automated calculators/computers. The executable instructions composing a program were embodied in the separate units of ENIAC, which were plugged together to form a route through the machine for the flow of computations. These connections had to be redone for each different problem, together with presetting function tables and switches. This "wire-your-own" instruction technique was inconvenient.
EDVAC
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was great improvement upon ENIAC. As the operation of functionality ENIAC was limited because of wiring board. This problem was overcome by a new concept of stored program is that the data should be stored into computer memory for automatically directing the flow of directions. EDSAC Maurice V.Wilkes and his team at the University of Cambridge constructed the EDSAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer. The design was based on that of Von Neumann. EDSAC was the world's first practical stored program electronic computer, although not the first stored program computer.
UNIVA I
The UNIVAC I (University Automatic Computer I) was the first commercial computer made in the United States, and the third commercial worldwide. It was designed principally by J.Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. The UNIVAC handled both numbers and alphabetic characters equally well. The UNIVAC I was unique in that it separated the complex problems of input and output form the actual; computation facility.
Conclusion
Summing up the point we can conclude that the computer we are familiar these days, were not introduction in their current shape. This the result of hard work done by many people. The early computer were handled manually. Now computer perform all the operation automatically.
The Abacus
The Abacus is considered the very first computer in history. It emerged about 5000 years ago in asia and still is used in countries like China and japan. It is first way of making calculation and is made of wooden box consisting small beads sliding on racks. Abacus was very popular through out the history of computer. But as the use of pencil and paper spread in Europe it lost its importance.
John Napier Bones
Another manual machine was John Napier Bones. It was cardboard multiplication calculation. It was designed in early 17th century.
Numerical Wheel Calculation:
Blaise Pascal
Numerical wheel calculation was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. It could only add and subtraction numbers. Division and multiplication was done by repeated addition and subtraction. this calculation was called pascaline.
Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz
In 1694, a German scientist Leibniz developed a calculating machine; in fact it was improvement on pascaline. He made a machine which could multiply beside addition and subtraction.
Charles Xavier Thomas Colman
Charles Xavier Thomas De Colman a French man improved this machine in such way that it could perform four basic arithmetic operation e.g. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Charles Babbage
Difference Engine:
While Tomas of Colmar was developing the first successful commercial calculator, Charles Babbage realized as early as 1812 that many long computations consisted design a calculating machine which could do these operations automatically. he produced a prototype of this "difference engine" by 18222 and with the help of the British government started work on the full machine in 1823. It was intended to be steam-powered; fully automatic, even to the printing of the resulting tables; and commanded by a fixed instruction program.
Analytical Engine
In 1833, Babbage ceased working on the difference engine because he had a better idea. His new idea was to build an " analytical engine". The analytical engine was a real parallel decimal computer which would operate on words of 50 decimals and was able to store 1000 such numbers. The machine would include a number of built-in operations such as conditional control, which allowed the instructions for the machine were to be stored on punched cards, similar to those used on a Jacquard Loom.
Herman Hollerith
A step toward automated computation was the instruction of punched cards, which were first successfully used in connection with computing in 1890 by Herman Hollerith working for the U.S. Census Bureau. He developed a device which could automatically read census information which had been punched onto card. Surprisingly, he did not get the idea form the work of Babbage, but rather form watching a train conductor punch tickets. As a result of his invention, reading errors were consequently greatly reduced, work flow was increased, and more important, stacks of punched cards could be used as an accessible memory store of almost unlimited capacity; Furthermore, different problems could be stored on different batches of cards and worked on as needed. Hollerith's tabulator became so successful that he started his own firm to market the device; this company eventually became International Business Machines (IBM).
First Electronic Computer
Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry built the world's first electronic-digital computer at Iowa State University between 1939 and 1942. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer represented several innovations in computing, including a binary system of arithmetic, parallel processing, regenerative memory, a separation of memory and computing functions.
Mark I
By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques had become so well established and reliable that Howard Aiken, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook construction of a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM electromechanical parts. Aiken's machine, called the Harverd Mark|, handled 23-decimal-place numbers (words) and could perform all four arithmetic operations; moreover, it had special built in programs, or subroutines, to handle logarithms and trigonometric functions. The Harvard mark I was the first of a series of computers designed and built under Aiken's direction.
ENIAC
ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrated and Calculator was an all-electronic computer. It was developed from military.John W. Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania invented ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer) that used a word of 10 decimal digital instead of binary ones like previous automated calculators/computers. The executable instructions composing a program were embodied in the separate units of ENIAC, which were plugged together to form a route through the machine for the flow of computations. These connections had to be redone for each different problem, together with presetting function tables and switches. This "wire-your-own" instruction technique was inconvenient.
EDVAC
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was great improvement upon ENIAC. As the operation of functionality ENIAC was limited because of wiring board. This problem was overcome by a new concept of stored program is that the data should be stored into computer memory for automatically directing the flow of directions. EDSAC Maurice V.Wilkes and his team at the University of Cambridge constructed the EDSAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer. The design was based on that of Von Neumann. EDSAC was the world's first practical stored program electronic computer, although not the first stored program computer.
UNIVA I
The UNIVAC I (University Automatic Computer I) was the first commercial computer made in the United States, and the third commercial worldwide. It was designed principally by J.Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. The UNIVAC handled both numbers and alphabetic characters equally well. The UNIVAC I was unique in that it separated the complex problems of input and output form the actual; computation facility.
Conclusion
Summing up the point we can conclude that the computer we are familiar these days, were not introduction in their current shape. This the result of hard work done by many people. The early computer were handled manually. Now computer perform all the operation automatically.
Wednesday, October 22, 2008
Storage Devices and its types?
Storage Devices:
Storage devices are used to store data and programs permanently. These devices are used to store large volume of data. These devices are also called backing storage devices or secondary storage devices.
There are three types of secondary storage devices
Magnetic disk is the most widely used storage media. A magnetic disk is thin, circular metal plate coated with magnetic material. A disk should be formatted before it is used. Formatting process creates tracks and sectors on disk which is used to hold data.
There are following types of magnetic disk.
Floppy Disk
Floppy disk is also called diskette. It is a small removable disk. It consist of a thin plastic disk coated with magnetic material. This disk is enclosed in rigid plastic jacket. This is inexpensive storage media.
Hard disk
A hard disk contain several disk plates stacked on single rotating spindle. Data is stored on the all surface of platters. The hard disk can contain large amount of data. There are heads which reads and write data. It si more reliable than floppy disk.
Zip Disk
Zip Disk is more portable disk. It is like floppy disk but can stor more data than floppy disks. Its capacity is up to 100 MB.
Flash Drive/Pen Drive/Thumb Drive
Flash drive is more reliable than a floppy disk and can store data than the floppy disk. It has longer lifespan. There is no need to format it.
Optical Disk
Optical disks use laser technology to read and write data on disk. Laser beam write on by creating small pits in the disk.
There are different there of optical devices given below.
CD-Rom
CD-Rom stands for compact disk read only memory. The data stored on the CD-ROm can only be read. It can not be deleted or changed. This is protable device data can be transferred easily by using CD-Rom.
DVD
DVD stands for digital video disk. It is similar to CD-Rom but storage capacity is higher than CD-Rom.
WORM Disk
Worm stands for write once read many. On this type of disk datamay be stored in greater capacity. Once data written can not be changed or deleted.
Rewritable Disk
It is like CD-Rom but data written on this disk may be changed or deleted.
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic tape has been used as a storage devices for a number of years an it remain choice today for high speed and large volume data storage. Its data density is high. Magnetic tape is a plastic ribbon that is coated on one side with iron oxide.
Storage devices are used to store data and programs permanently. These devices are used to store large volume of data. These devices are also called backing storage devices or secondary storage devices.
There are three types of secondary storage devices
- Magnetic Tape
- Magnetic Disk
- Optical Disk
Magnetic disk is the most widely used storage media. A magnetic disk is thin, circular metal plate coated with magnetic material. A disk should be formatted before it is used. Formatting process creates tracks and sectors on disk which is used to hold data.
There are following types of magnetic disk.
Floppy Disk
Floppy disk is also called diskette. It is a small removable disk. It consist of a thin plastic disk coated with magnetic material. This disk is enclosed in rigid plastic jacket. This is inexpensive storage media.
Hard disk
A hard disk contain several disk plates stacked on single rotating spindle. Data is stored on the all surface of platters. The hard disk can contain large amount of data. There are heads which reads and write data. It si more reliable than floppy disk.
Zip Disk
Zip Disk is more portable disk. It is like floppy disk but can stor more data than floppy disks. Its capacity is up to 100 MB.
Flash Drive/Pen Drive/Thumb Drive
Flash drive is more reliable than a floppy disk and can store data than the floppy disk. It has longer lifespan. There is no need to format it.
Optical Disk
Optical disks use laser technology to read and write data on disk. Laser beam write on by creating small pits in the disk.
There are different there of optical devices given below.
CD-Rom
CD-Rom stands for compact disk read only memory. The data stored on the CD-ROm can only be read. It can not be deleted or changed. This is protable device data can be transferred easily by using CD-Rom.
DVD
DVD stands for digital video disk. It is similar to CD-Rom but storage capacity is higher than CD-Rom.
WORM Disk
Worm stands for write once read many. On this type of disk datamay be stored in greater capacity. Once data written can not be changed or deleted.
Rewritable Disk
It is like CD-Rom but data written on this disk may be changed or deleted.
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic tape has been used as a storage devices for a number of years an it remain choice today for high speed and large volume data storage. Its data density is high. Magnetic tape is a plastic ribbon that is coated on one side with iron oxide.
Disadvantages of using Internet
In spite of advantages there are also some disadvantages of using internet, which are given below.
Hacking
Hacking is one of the most important disadvantages of the internet. The hackers access the data stored on the computers across the internet. They use this data illegally and even can destroy this data.
Security Problem
Internet has caused many security viruses. Viruses are spread using websites and emails. When a user opens such emails or visits such websites, the viruses are automatically copied on the computer and harm the computer.
Immorality
Internet contains a number of websites which contain immorality material. Such web sites are against the moral values and are destroying the characters of young people.
Wastage of time
Many people use internet without any positive activities, as many user use internet for chatting in this way they waste their time.
Cyber crimes
Internet is source of cyber crime. Many users use internet for negative purposes. Many people hack the credit cards of other and use them for shopping.
Hacking
Hacking is one of the most important disadvantages of the internet. The hackers access the data stored on the computers across the internet. They use this data illegally and even can destroy this data.
Security Problem
Internet has caused many security viruses. Viruses are spread using websites and emails. When a user opens such emails or visits such websites, the viruses are automatically copied on the computer and harm the computer.
Immorality
Internet contains a number of websites which contain immorality material. Such web sites are against the moral values and are destroying the characters of young people.
Wastage of time
Many people use internet without any positive activities, as many user use internet for chatting in this way they waste their time.
Cyber crimes
Internet is source of cyber crime. Many users use internet for negative purposes. Many people hack the credit cards of other and use them for shopping.
Advantages of using Internet
There are many advantages of using of internet. Some of them are given below.
Information Search
Information about all types of topics is stored on internet. So information about any topic may be searched by using search engines.
E-Mail
Through using internet we can send messages via email. It is inexpensive and fast way of communication. We can send text messages, pictures and files from one place to other place of the world.
E-Commerce
E-Commerce means carrying business using internet. Using this facility one person can deal with his customers on internet.
Online Result
Many colleges and universities provide the facility of online result using internet. Students can get their result from any part of the world.
Online Shopping
Using internet people can buy and sell goods. Even payment can be made on internet using credits card.
Fast Communication
Internet is a fast way of communication. People can communicate with one another in less time from any part of the world.
Job Search
Many people use internet to search jobs. They search different types of jobs all over the world. Many websites are developed to provide information about vacancies.
Entertainment
Internet provides the facility of entertainment. People can play games, listen songs and watch movies and matches.
Downloading
There is facility of downloading on internet people can download required material about any topic. There are thousands of websites about any topic through which user can get desired information.
Online Education
There is facility of online education. People can get education over internet. Many universities provide the facility of online degree. It is a fast and cheaper way of education.
Advertisement
Many organizations are using internet to advertise their products. They provide information about their product all over the world.
Video Conferencing
Internet provides the facility of video conferencing. Using this facility people can talk with one another using web cameras. They can share their ideas with each other as there sitting in the same room.
News
Many news agencies have their websites. Latest news are provided on these web sites.
Encyclopedia Publishers
Encyclopedias are available on internet. Using encyclopedias user can find detailed information about any topic in the world.
Medical
Many websites provide the detailed information about diseases. And even user can consult the panel of online doctors to get the advice about any medical problem.
Information Search
Information about all types of topics is stored on internet. So information about any topic may be searched by using search engines.
Through using internet we can send messages via email. It is inexpensive and fast way of communication. We can send text messages, pictures and files from one place to other place of the world.
E-Commerce
E-Commerce means carrying business using internet. Using this facility one person can deal with his customers on internet.
Online Result
Many colleges and universities provide the facility of online result using internet. Students can get their result from any part of the world.
Online Shopping
Using internet people can buy and sell goods. Even payment can be made on internet using credits card.
Fast Communication
Internet is a fast way of communication. People can communicate with one another in less time from any part of the world.
Job Search
Many people use internet to search jobs. They search different types of jobs all over the world. Many websites are developed to provide information about vacancies.
Entertainment
Internet provides the facility of entertainment. People can play games, listen songs and watch movies and matches.
Downloading
There is facility of downloading on internet people can download required material about any topic. There are thousands of websites about any topic through which user can get desired information.
Online Education
There is facility of online education. People can get education over internet. Many universities provide the facility of online degree. It is a fast and cheaper way of education.
Advertisement
Many organizations are using internet to advertise their products. They provide information about their product all over the world.
Video Conferencing
Internet provides the facility of video conferencing. Using this facility people can talk with one another using web cameras. They can share their ideas with each other as there sitting in the same room.
News
Many news agencies have their websites. Latest news are provided on these web sites.
Encyclopedia Publishers
Encyclopedias are available on internet. Using encyclopedias user can find detailed information about any topic in the world.
Medical
Many websites provide the detailed information about diseases. And even user can consult the panel of online doctors to get the advice about any medical problem.
Services provides by Internet
SERVICES OF INTERNET
There are many services provided by Internet.
The mail service reliable transmits and receives messages. Each message is sent from one computer to another on its way to a final destination. The mail service ensures that the message arrives at the correct address.
TELNET
The next service, called Telnet, allows establishing a terminal session with a remote computer. For example, you can use Telnet to connect to a host on the other side of the world. Once the connection is made, you can log in to that computer in a regular manner. Telnet also allows two programs to work cooperatively by exchanging data over the Internet.
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
The third service is called FTP. FTP allows to transfer files from one computer to another. Most of the time, FTP is used to copy files from a remote host to the user computer. This process is called downloading. However, Files can also be transferred from the user’s computer to a remote host. This is called uploading.
Client/Server Facility
A client program can connect to another computer and ask for the help of a server program. For example, the Gopher system works in this way. The Gopher client displays a menu for the user. When the user makes a selection from the menu the client connects to the appropriate server, no matter where it is no the Internet, and process the service the user requested.
World Wide Web
World Wide Web also called web provides the facility to publish information on the internet. It is the collection of documents or web pages. These web pages are connected to one another with the help of hyperlinks. Any one can these pages using web browser.
Email Discussion Group
People can communicate over the internet using email facility. People exchange information such as news, entertainment business and science. A user sends message to newsgroup, other user in newsgroup read and reply to the message.
E-Commerce
E-Commerce stands for electronic commerce. It means doing business using internet. A person can deal with its customers throughout the world. People can buy and sell good on the internet and also can pay their bills.
Chatting and instant messaging
Chat programs allows users on the internet to communicate with one another by typing messages.
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundred of channels. To access IRC one must use an IRC software program.
There are many services provided by Internet.
- Mail Service
- Telnet FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- Client/Server Facility
- World Wide Web
- Email Discussion Group
- News Group
- E-Commerce
- Chatting and instant messaging
The mail service reliable transmits and receives messages. Each message is sent from one computer to another on its way to a final destination. The mail service ensures that the message arrives at the correct address.
TELNET
The next service, called Telnet, allows establishing a terminal session with a remote computer. For example, you can use Telnet to connect to a host on the other side of the world. Once the connection is made, you can log in to that computer in a regular manner. Telnet also allows two programs to work cooperatively by exchanging data over the Internet.
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
The third service is called FTP. FTP allows to transfer files from one computer to another. Most of the time, FTP is used to copy files from a remote host to the user computer. This process is called downloading. However, Files can also be transferred from the user’s computer to a remote host. This is called uploading.
Client/Server Facility
A client program can connect to another computer and ask for the help of a server program. For example, the Gopher system works in this way. The Gopher client displays a menu for the user. When the user makes a selection from the menu the client connects to the appropriate server, no matter where it is no the Internet, and process the service the user requested.
World Wide Web
World Wide Web also called web provides the facility to publish information on the internet. It is the collection of documents or web pages. These web pages are connected to one another with the help of hyperlinks. Any one can these pages using web browser.
Email Discussion Group
People can communicate over the internet using email facility. People exchange information such as news, entertainment business and science. A user sends message to newsgroup, other user in newsgroup read and reply to the message.
E-Commerce
E-Commerce stands for electronic commerce. It means doing business using internet. A person can deal with its customers throughout the world. People can buy and sell good on the internet and also can pay their bills.
Chatting and instant messaging
Chat programs allows users on the internet to communicate with one another by typing messages.
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundred of channels. To access IRC one must use an IRC software program.
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