Storage Devices and its types?

Storage Devices:
Storage devices are used to store data and programs permanently. These devices are used to store large volume of data. These devices are also called backing storage devices or secondary storage devices.
There are three types of secondary storage devices

• Magnetic Tape
• Magnetic Disk
• Optical Disk

Magnetic Disks
Magnetic disk is the most widely used storage media. A magnetic disk is thin, circular metal plate coated with magnetic material. A disk should be formatted before it is used. Formatting process creates tracks and sectors on disk which is used to hold data.
There are following types of magnetic disk.
Floppy Disk
Floppy disk is also called diskette. It is a small removable disk. It consist of a thin plastic disk coated with magnetic material. This disk is enclosed in rigid plastic jacket. This is inexpensive storage media.
Hard disk
A hard disk contain several disk plates stacked on single rotating spindle. Data is stored on the all surface of platters. The hard disk can contain large amount of data. There are heads which reads and write data. It si more reliable than floppy disk.
Zip Disk
Zip Disk is more portable disk. It is like floppy disk but can stor more data than floppy disks. Its capacity is up to 100 MB.
Flash Drive/Pen Drive/Thumb Drive
Flash drive is more reliable than a floppy disk and can store data than the floppy disk. It has longer lifespan. There is no need to format it.
Optical Disk
Optical disks use laser technology to read and write data on disk. Laser beam write on by creating small pits in the disk.
There are different there of optical devices given below.
CD-Rom
CD-Rom stands for compact disk read only memory. The data stored on the CD-ROm can only be read. It can not be deleted or changed. This is protable device data can be transferred easily by using CD-Rom.
DVD
DVD stands for digital video disk. It is similar to CD-Rom but storage capacity is higher than CD-Rom.
WORM Disk
Worm stands for write once read many. On this type of disk datamay be stored in greater capacity. Once data written can not be changed or deleted.
Rewritable Disk
It is like CD-Rom but data written on this disk may be changed or deleted.
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic tape has been used as a storage devices for a number of years an it remain choice today for high speed and large volume data storage. Its data density is high. Magnetic tape is a plastic ribbon that is coated on one side with iron oxide.

Disadvantages of using Internet

In spite of advantages there are also some disadvantages of using internet, which are given below.
Hacking
Hacking is one of the most important disadvantages of the internet. The hackers access the data stored on the computers across the internet. They use this data illegally and even can destroy this data.
Security Problem
Internet has caused many security viruses. Viruses are spread using websites and emails. When a user opens such emails or visits such websites, the viruses are automatically copied on the computer and harm the computer.
Immorality
Internet contains a number of websites which contain immorality material. Such web sites are against the moral values and are destroying the characters of young people.
Wastage of time
Many people use internet without any positive activities, as many user use internet for chatting in this way they waste their time.
Cyber crimes
Internet is source of cyber crime. Many users use internet for negative purposes. Many people hack the credit cards of other and use them for shopping.

Advantages of using Internet

There are many advantages of using of internet. Some of them are given below.
Information Search
Information about all types of topics is stored on internet. So information about any topic may be searched by using search engines.
E-Mail
Through using internet we can send messages via email. It is inexpensive and fast way of communication. We can send text messages, pictures and files from one place to other place of the world.
E-Commerce
E-Commerce means carrying business using internet. Using this facility one person can deal with his customers on internet.
Online Result
Many colleges and universities provide the facility of online result using internet. Students can get their result from any part of the world.
Online Shopping
Using internet people can buy and sell goods. Even payment can be made on internet using credits card.
Fast Communication
Internet is a fast way of communication. People can communicate with one another in less time from any part of the world.
Job Search
Many people use internet to search jobs. They search different types of jobs all over the world. Many websites are developed to provide information about vacancies.
Entertainment
Internet provides the facility of entertainment. People can play games, listen songs and watch movies and matches.
Downloading
There is facility of downloading on internet people can download required material about any topic. There are thousands of websites about any topic through which user can get desired information.
Online Education
There is facility of online education. People can get education over internet. Many universities provide the facility of online degree. It is a fast and cheaper way of education.
Advertisement
Many organizations are using internet to advertise their products. They provide information about their product all over the world.
Video Conferencing
Internet provides the facility of video conferencing. Using this facility people can talk with one another using web cameras. They can share their ideas with each other as there sitting in the same room.
News
Many news agencies have their websites. Latest news are provided on these web sites.
Encyclopedia Publishers
Encyclopedias are available on internet. Using encyclopedias user can find detailed information about any topic in the world.
Medical
Many websites provide the detailed information about diseases. And even user can consult the panel of online doctors to get the advice about any medical problem.

Services provides by Internet

SERVICES OF INTERNET
There are many services provided by Internet.

• Mail Service
• Telnet FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• Client/Server Facility
• World Wide Web
• Email Discussion Group
• News Group
• E-Commerce
• Chatting and instant messaging

Mail Service
The mail service reliable transmits and receives messages. Each message is sent from one computer to another on its way to a final destination. The mail service ensures that the message arrives at the correct address.
TELNET
The next service, called Telnet, allows establishing a terminal session with a remote computer. For example, you can use Telnet to connect to a host on the other side of the world. Once the connection is made, you can log in to that computer in a regular manner. Telnet also allows two programs to work cooperatively by exchanging data over the Internet.
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
The third service is called FTP. FTP allows to transfer files from one computer to another. Most of the time, FTP is used to copy files from a remote host to the user computer. This process is called downloading. However, Files can also be transferred from the user’s computer to a remote host. This is called uploading.
Client/Server Facility
A client program can connect to another computer and ask for the help of a server program. For example, the Gopher system works in this way. The Gopher client displays a menu for the user. When the user makes a selection from the menu the client connects to the appropriate server, no matter where it is no the Internet, and process the service the user requested.
World Wide Web
World Wide Web also called web provides the facility to publish information on the internet. It is the collection of documents or web pages. These web pages are connected to one another with the help of hyperlinks. Any one can these pages using web browser.
Email Discussion Group
People can communicate over the internet using email facility. People exchange information such as news, entertainment business and science. A user sends message to newsgroup, other user in newsgroup read and reply to the message.
E-Commerce
E-Commerce stands for electronic commerce. It means doing business using internet. A person can deal with its customers throughout the world. People can buy and sell good on the internet and also can pay their bills.
Chatting and instant messaging
Chat programs allows users on the internet to communicate with one another by typing messages.
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundred of channels. To access IRC one must use an IRC software program.

What is Microsoft Word?

MICROSOFT WORDS
Microsoft word is word processing program that provides us the facility for documentation. We can create and type letters, reports, newsletters, brochures, etc. In MS Word we can set toolbars and we will hide & show the toolbars . Toolbars is used to display shortcut buttons to make editing and formatting quicker and easier in Ms Word. Word provides an undo, which is used to remove the effect of last action. Action can be done again by using redo. The ruler is used for documentation. Header is to automatically display text at the top of each page. Footer is text that appears at the bottom of the each page. Word provides wizard for creating professional-looking Web pages. The use of styles in word allows to quickly formatting a document with a consistent and professional look. Paragraph and character styles can be designed, saved, changed& deleted. Bullets and the numbers are used to display a list of items with a symbol or number at the start of each line. It makes the text more readable and decorated. Word allows you to draw many different geometrical shapes, arrows, flow chart symbols stars, and banners on the documents. Word provides to store text permanently for using repeatedly in documents. Text is a collection of row and columns. You can easily display your data in tables. These tables can also be formatted. You can easily add rows and columns from a table without distributing your data. Word allows you to a particular word or pieces of text by using Find command. After you have found the word, it can be replaced by executing Replace command. Spelling and Grammar in Word help the user correct any mistakes made when typing the document. Your misspelled words are highlighted by the red underline and grammar errors by green underline. Word automatically corrects many commonly misspelled words and punctuation marks with the AutoCorrect. Word provides us AutoFormat that automatically changes text as you type. AutoFormat includes such formatting as numbered and bulleted lists, borders, capitalization, and common spelling errors. Word has an excellent feature for finding words with similar meanings. You can select any word from the list of suggested words. Word provides us Thesaurus this is used to find different words. A template is a preformatted document that serves as a model creating new documents. You can create professional looking letters, memos, reports, and others documents easily. Word provides the facility to set a password on the document. It stops unauthorized use of your documents and provides protection to your data. Word provide us the of Word Art this is used to give artistic shapes to text. Word allows dividing the page in the form of columns. You can us any number of column in your documents. Word provides printing facility. You can change the color, back ground color, size, and style of your text. You can apply formatting on characters, paragraphs, and whole pages. You can add your comments on your documents. These comments are used as a reference for the user.